Camera Shake VVwa
Shutter speed questions
1. Explain the three types of exposures
"Shorter" versions of extended exposures are those where you typically want to capture motion blur of an object or action.
Medium length exposures include those up to a minute or so, and are therefore the most common type of long-exposure work. The only thing required is a tripod or other sturdy object.
Long exposures are great for capturing city scapes, like star trails, moon-lit valleys and lightning. For this discussion, we'll only be dealing with pictures shot at night, and where exposure times can last from several minutes to many hours.
2. How does the use of neutral density filter change the way the photograph looks?
Neutral density (ND) filters reduce the amount of light entering the camera, enabling a longer exposure time than otherwise possible.
3. What are the steps to shooting lightning?
Just set the camera up (where it wasn't raining), pressed the button on the cable release, and waited anywhere from 5-10 minutes, depending on whether (or how much) lighting would strike. Metering for exposure times is similar to that of fireworks. The frequency of the lightning will affect the overall exposure, and there are no guidelines (other than experimentation) for how much exposure time you should allow.
4. How are star trails created?
By setting the exposure time for really long amounts of time such from 30 minutes to 5 hours
5. How does Reciprocity Failure change the way the film reacts to light?
Chemicals in the film react to light proportional to the amount of light exposed to it. That is, they "reciprocate" the light. Reciprocity Failuresimply refers to when the film fails to produce an image that represents the light that was projected onto it. Simply put, the longer the exposure, the more you have extend the time your camera meter says to get the correct image on the film. This is easiest to see in black and white film: if you meter a scene that shows a proper exposure of 1 second at f8, then doing the math, you should be able to double the time and the apertures to yield exactly the same picture: 2 seconds at f16, 4 second at f/32, and 8 seconds at f64. All of these should produce precisely the same image. However, for some films, "reciprocity failure" begins to emerge gradually as those exposure times increase, which may require (for example) extending the time exposure, even though the meter doesn't say it should. For example, doubling of time to 16 seconds at f64 to get the same result you should have gotten using 8 seconds.
"Shorter" versions of extended exposures are those where you typically want to capture motion blur of an object or action.
Medium length exposures include those up to a minute or so, and are therefore the most common type of long-exposure work. The only thing required is a tripod or other sturdy object.
Long exposures are great for capturing city scapes, like star trails, moon-lit valleys and lightning. For this discussion, we'll only be dealing with pictures shot at night, and where exposure times can last from several minutes to many hours.
2. How does the use of neutral density filter change the way the photograph looks?
Neutral density (ND) filters reduce the amount of light entering the camera, enabling a longer exposure time than otherwise possible.
3. What are the steps to shooting lightning?
Just set the camera up (where it wasn't raining), pressed the button on the cable release, and waited anywhere from 5-10 minutes, depending on whether (or how much) lighting would strike. Metering for exposure times is similar to that of fireworks. The frequency of the lightning will affect the overall exposure, and there are no guidelines (other than experimentation) for how much exposure time you should allow.
4. How are star trails created?
By setting the exposure time for really long amounts of time such from 30 minutes to 5 hours
5. How does Reciprocity Failure change the way the film reacts to light?
Chemicals in the film react to light proportional to the amount of light exposed to it. That is, they "reciprocate" the light. Reciprocity Failuresimply refers to when the film fails to produce an image that represents the light that was projected onto it. Simply put, the longer the exposure, the more you have extend the time your camera meter says to get the correct image on the film. This is easiest to see in black and white film: if you meter a scene that shows a proper exposure of 1 second at f8, then doing the math, you should be able to double the time and the apertures to yield exactly the same picture: 2 seconds at f16, 4 second at f/32, and 8 seconds at f64. All of these should produce precisely the same image. However, for some films, "reciprocity failure" begins to emerge gradually as those exposure times increase, which may require (for example) extending the time exposure, even though the meter doesn't say it should. For example, doubling of time to 16 seconds at f64 to get the same result you should have gotten using 8 seconds.